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Role of Extracellular Polymeric Substances in a Methane Based Membrane Biofilm Reactor Reducing Vanadate.
For the first time, we demonstrated vanadate (V(V)) reduction in a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) using CH as the sole electron donor. The V(V)-reducing capability of the biofilm kept increasing, with complete removal of V(V) achieved when the influent surface loading of V(V) was 363 mg m day. Almost all V(V) was reduced to V(IV) precipitates, which is confirmed by a scanning electron microscope coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Microbial community analysis revealed that denitrifiers Methylomonas and Denitratisoma might be the main genera responsible for V(V) reduction. The constant enrichment of Methylophilus suggests that the intermediate (i.e., methanol) from CH metabolism might be used as the electron carriers for V(V) bioreduction. Intrusion of V(V) (2-5 mg/L, at the surface loading of 150-378 mg m day) into the biofilm stimulated the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), but high loading of V(V) (10 mg/L, at the surface loading of 668 mg m day) decreased the amount of EPS. Metagenomic prediction analysis established the strong correlation between the secretion of EPS and the microbial metabolism associated with V(V) reduction, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, methane oxidation, and ATP production, and EPS might relieve the oxidative stress induced by high loading of V(V). Colorimetric determination and a three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) showed that tryptophan and humic acid-like substances might play important roles in microbial cell protection and V(V) binding. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxyl (COO) groups in EPS as the candidate functional groups for binding V(V).
Authors : Lai Chun-Yu , Dong Qiu-Yi , Chen Jia-Xian , Zhu Quan-Song , Yang Xin , Chen Wen-Da , Zhao He-Ping , Zhu Liang ,
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Pathways :
WP1488: CFTR activity in the plasma membrane
WP1502: Mitochondrial biogenesis
WP1614: 1- and 2-Methylnaphthalene degradation
WP1624: Bacterial secretion system
WP1626: Benzoate degradation via CoA ligation
WP1646: Ethylbenzene degradation
WP1665: Limonene and pinene degradation
WP1671: Methane metabolism
WP1680: Oxidative phosphorylation
WP1686: Phenylalanine metabolism
WP1689: Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism
WP1692: Protein export
WP1713: Two-component system
WP1714: Tyrosine metabolism
WP1846: Membrane Trafficking
WP1873: NGF signalling via TRKA from the plasma membrane
WP2199: Seed Development
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