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The main auxin biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis.
The phytohormone auxin plays critical roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) has been recognized as the major auxin for more than 70 y. Although several pathways have been proposed, how auxin is synthesized in plants is still unclear. Previous genetic and enzymatic studies demonstrated that both TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS (TAA) and YUCCA (YUC) flavin monooxygenase-like proteins are required for biosynthesis of IAA during plant development, but these enzymes were placed in two independent pathways. In this article, we demonstrate that the TAA family produces indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) and the YUC family functions in the conversion of IPA to IAA in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by a quantification method of IPA using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem MS. We further show that YUC protein expressed in Escherichia coli directly converts IPA to IAA. Indole-3-acetaldehyde is probably not a precursor of IAA in the IPA pathway. Our results indicate that YUC proteins catalyze a rate-limiting step of the IPA pathway, which is the main IAA biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis.
Authors : Mashiguchi Kiyoshi , Tanaka Keita , Sakai Tatsuya , Sugawara Satoko , Kawaide Hiroshi , Natsume Masahiro , Hanada Atsushi , Yaeno Takashi , Shirasu Ken , Yao Hong , McSteen Paula , Zhao Yunde , Hayashi Ken-ichiro , Kamiya Yuji , Kasahara Hiroyuki ,
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Pathways :
WP2316: PPAR signaling pathway
WP2339: vitamin B2 (riboflavin) biosynthesis and conversion to FMN and FAD pathway
WP2341: vitamin B1 (thiamin) biosynthesis and salvage pathway
WP2344: vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine) biosynthesis and salvage pathway
WP2345: vitamin B7 (biotin) biosynthesis pathway
WP2347: vitamin B5 (pantothenate) and CoA biosynthesis Pathway
WP2349: vitamin B3 (niacin), NAD and NADP biosynthesis pathway
WP2353: vitamin B9 (folate) biosynthesis pathway
WP1: Statin Pathway
WP10: IL-9 Signaling Pathway
WP1004: Kit Receptor Signaling Pathway
WP1010: Wnt Signaling Pathway and Pluripotency
WP1011: T Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway
WP1012: IL-7 Signaling Pathway
WP1014: Androgen receptor signaling pathway
WP1016: Wnt Signaling Pathway
WP1019: FAS pathway and Stress induction of HSP regulation
WP102: Heme Biosynthesis
WP1020: Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
WP1022: Hedgehog Signaling Pathway
WP1024: Steroid Biosynthesis
WP1025: B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway
WP1028: Pentose Phosphate Pathway
WP1029: Notch Signaling Pathway
WP103: Cholesterol Biosynthesis
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Bibliography :
[30371880] Reporter gene expression reveals precise auxin synthesis sites during fruit and root development in the wild strawberry.
[30189848] Jasmonate promotes auxin-induced adventitious rooting in dark-grown Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings and stem thin cell layers by a cross-talk with ethylene signalling and a modulation of xylogenesis.
[29777364] Cell division and turgor mediate enhanced plant growth in Arabidopsis plants treated with the bacterial signalling molecule lumichrome.
[29717021] Cytokinin Targets Auxin Transport to Promote Shoot Branching.
[29687169] The AP2/ERF transcription factor CmERF053 of chrysanthemum positively regulates shoot branching, lateral root, and drought tolerance.
[29463731] Gibberellin DELLA signaling targets the retromer complex to redirect protein trafficking to the plasma membrane.
[29249045] Longitudinal patterning in roots: a GATA2-auxin interaction underlies and maintains the root transition domain.
[28820425] Bioinformatics Analysis of Phylogeny and Transcription of TAA/YUC Auxin Biosynthetic Genes.
[27808586] The auxins, IAA and PAA, are synthesized by similar steps catalyzed by different enzymes.
[27603315] Sorting signals for PIN1 trafficking and localization.
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